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Freedom of movement is important to us all. Our mobility
is dependent on free access to energy, and most
of our transportation energy is derived from oil.
But while we in the U.S. consume
25% of the world's oil, we own only 3%. Consequently, the U.S. is the world's largest
oil importer and has the largest oil consumption per head. Oil imports--
we spend over $100 billion per year on foreign oil--are growing rapidly. In
1973 (Arab Oil Embargo) we imported 35% of our oil needs. Today, we import 56%.
According to the Department of Energy's predictions by 2020 the U.S. will import
65% of its oil; other studies show even higher figures. The dependency on foreign
oil is a challenge to our economic security, because it can lead to price shocks
and market disruptions. Moreover, it is a matter of national security.
Since two thirds of global oil reserves are located in the politically unstable
Middle East, ensuring free access to oil forces the U.S. to maintain a military
presence there. This presence costs the American tax payer more
than $50 billion per year in defense spending. More critically, this presence
has been a rallying cry for anti-Americanism and Islamic fundamentalism which,
in turn, brings terrorism and poses lethal threats to America and its allies. As
the U.S. grows more dependent on Middle East oil it would be forced to
increase its footprint in the region hence exposing itself to additional threats.
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"The wealth produced by oil underlies the power of the three totalitarian movements in the
Middle East that have chosen to make war on us: the ruling Iraqi Baathists and Iranian
mullahs, and al Qaeda, which was spawned by Saudi money. [..] We are at war. We should
start by asking what we can do, as soon as possible, to undercut our enemies' power. Other
considerations should now follow, not lead. [..] If we do not act now, we will leave major
levers over our fate in the hands of regimes that have attacked us or have fallen under the
sway of fanatics who spread hatred of the U.S., and indeed of freedom itself. [..] For all of
them, their power derives from their oil. It is time to break their sword."
- R. James Woolsey, CIA Director, 1993-95, Wall Street Journal, September 18, 2002
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Our dependence on foreign sources of energy has other strategic dimensions.
During the last several years China has become the fastest-growing consumer of
oil. By 2030, according to the International Energy Agency, it will import as
much oil as the U.S. does now, an eightfold increase over its current import
levels. China's increasing need for imported oil would increase its involvement
in the Middle East, bring it closer to terrorist-sponsoring governments like
Iran and Iraq, and could compromise U.S.-China relations. Free flow of oil
revenues into the coffers of Middle East dictatorships allows them to sponsor
terrorism, acquire weapons of mass destruction, and sustain corrupt political
systems that create more frustration and anger among their disenfranchised populations.
Transporting oil from the Persian Gulf to major markets in the U.S., Asia and
Europe is becoming an Achilles heel of the global economy. When pipelines, tankers
and oilrigs become targets for terrorists trying to bring the international economy
to a standstill, the effect on our pockets will be felt through higher insurance
costs, supply problems and volatility of international financial markets.
Prosperity, democracy and security all hinge on a cheap, clean, uninterrupted
flow of energy. It is therefore in our strongest national interest to adopt a
comprehensive energy strategy to decrease U.S. dependence on imported oil
from foreign countries. This strategy must be multifaceted. It should enhance
the use of renewable, next-generation energy resources, conserve energy resources
by increasing fuel efficiency, and increase domestic supplies of conventional
energy resources.
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